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This brief guidance note explains community-based approaches to Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in emergencies, and the importance of viewing emergency-affected people as active participants in improving individual and collective well-being. It highlights the importance of community-based approaches for encouraging recovery and resilience, and for contributing to restoring and/or strengthening collective structures and systems essential to daily life and well-being. It gives brief guidance on how to assess, plan, implement and evaluate community-based approaches to MHPSS. It highlights ethical dilemmas and practical difficulties and presents ethical guidelines for implementation.