The INEE Background Paper on Psychosocial Support and Social and Emotional Learning clarifies relevant terminologies and approaches relating to psychosocial well-being and social and emotional learning (SEL) in education in crisis-affected contexts, and explores how psychosocial support (PSS) and social and emotional learning relate to one another. The target audiences for this paper are education practitioners, academics, and policy-makers working in education in emergencies and protracted crises and the various sections highlight references to specific entry points for each. The paper includes various considerations for training, supervision, and well-being, as well as guidance on adopting a gender perspective, while also providing an overview of the impact of conflict and natural disasters on children’s well-being and the related risk factors and impact of stress on brain development.